How have countries such as China and Russia occupied this space in recent years through hybrid warfare-and to what extent are these tactics setting the tone for future conflicts? What exactly is a “gray zone,” and how has this concept developed in a post-Cold War world? With Russia poised to fully invade Ukraine in the latest example of the Kremlin’s aggression and coercion threatening the European security order, the stakes for fighting back have never been higher.īelow, our experts-leveraging their unique experience inside the US defense and intelligence communities-help illuminate this shadowy zone of strategic competition and offer ways for Washington and its allies to begin seizing the advantage. What’s more: The United States and its partners are losing the battle to the world’s far more audacious autocracies. Seemingly a relic of the Cold War-era international order, conventional military campaigns have given way to hybrid warfare involving cyberattacks, information campaigns, and an array of other non-violent pressure.
Whether it’s the Kremlin’s “little green men” suddenly seizing Crimea, China’s coercive use of economics through its Belt and Road Initiative, or-as we’re currently watching in real time-Russian state propaganda aggressively rallying its population for war, US adversaries are increasingly pursuing their national objectives in a little-understood arena: the so-called “gray zone” between peace and open conflict.
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